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从国外4chan上摘录，大屠杀，纯粹机翻 |
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GOODboy
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• 2019-08-24 • 回复 1 • 只看楼主
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The Holocaust
- also known as the Shoah was a genocide in which approximately six million Jews were killed by Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime and its collaborators. Some historians use a definition of the Holocaust that includes the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to approximately eleven million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany and German-occupied territories.
From 1941 to 1945, Jews were targeted and methodically murdered in a genocide, one of the largest in history, and part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazis. Every arm of Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics and the carrying out of the genocide, turning the Third Reich into "a genocidal state". Non-Jewish victims of broader Nazi crimes include Romanis, Christian Poles, communists, homosexuals, Soviet POWs, and the mentally and physically disabled. In total, approximately 11 million people were killed, including approximately one million Jewish children. Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed. A network of about 42,500 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territories were used to concentrate, confine, and kill Jews and other victims. Between 100,000 and 500,000 people were direct participants in the planning and execution of the Holocaust.
The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Initially the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. A network of concentration camps was established starting in 1933 and ghettos were established following the outbreak of World War II in 1939. In 1941, as Germany conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen were used to murder around two million Jews and "partisans", often in mass shootings. By the end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight train to specially built extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. The campaign of murder continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945.
Jewish armed resistance to the Nazis occurred throughout the Holocaust. One notable example was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly armed Jewish fighters held the Waffen-SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought the Nazis and their collaborators in Eastern Europe. French Jews were also highly active in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. In total, there were over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings.
大屠杀
-也被称为纳粹浩劫是一个种族灭绝, 大约千犹太人被阿道夫·希特勒的纳粹政权及其合作者杀害. 一些历史学家使用了大屠杀的定义, 其中包括额外五百万非犹太受害者的纳粹大规模谋杀, 使总数达到大约千. 杀戮发生在整个纳粹德国和德国占领的领土上.
从1941年到1945年, 犹太人在种族灭绝中被瞄准, 有条理地被谋杀, 这是历史上最大的一次种族灭绝, 也是纳粹在欧洲的各种种族和政治团体的更广泛的压迫和杀戮行为的一部分. 德国官僚机构的每一个手臂都参与了后勤和执行种族灭绝, 把第三帝国变成了"一 个 种族 灭绝 的 国家". 更广泛的纳粹罪行的非犹太受害者包括姆, 基督教波兰, 共产主义者, 同性恋, 苏联 战俘, 精神上和身体上的残疾人. 总共约有1.1万人被杀, 其中包括大约1.1万犹太儿童. 在大屠杀前居住在欧洲的千犹太人中, 约有三分之二被杀. 在德国和德国占领的领土上, 一个大约42,500个设施的网络被用来集中, 限制和杀死犹太人和其他受害者. 在大屠杀的规划和执行中, 100,000到500,000人是直接参与者.
迫害和种族灭绝是分阶段进行的. 最初, 德国政府通过法律, 将犹太人排除在民间社会之外, 最突出的是1935. 年的纽伦堡法律, 1933年开始建立集中营网络, 1939. 年第二次世界大战爆发后建立了贫民窟. 1941, 德国征服了东欧的新领土, 被称为别动队的专门准军事单位被用来谋杀大约194.1万犹太人和"游击队", 往往在大规模枪击事件中. 到1942年底, 受害者经常被货运火车运输到专门建造的灭绝营地, 如果他们在旅程中幸存, 大多数人在毒气室被系统性地杀害. 谋杀活动持续到1945. 年四月至五月的欧洲第二次世界大战结束.
犹太人对纳粹的武装抵抗发生在整个大屠杀中. 一个显着的例子是1943年华沙犹太区起义, 当时数以千计的武装犹太武装战士在海湾举行了1943个星期的武装党 估计有20,000至30,000名犹太游击队在东欧积极打击纳粹及其合作者. 法国犹太人也非常活跃于法国抵抗组织, 该抵抗组织对纳粹和维希法国当局进行了一次游击运动. 总的来说, 有超过一百个武装犹太起义.
- also known as the Shoah was a genocide in which approximately six million Jews were killed by Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime and its collaborators. Some historians use a definition of the Holocaust that includes the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to approximately eleven million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany and German-occupied territories.
From 1941 to 1945, Jews were targeted and methodically murdered in a genocide, one of the largest in history, and part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazis. Every arm of Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics and the carrying out of the genocide, turning the Third Reich into "a genocidal state". Non-Jewish victims of broader Nazi crimes include Romanis, Christian Poles, communists, homosexuals, Soviet POWs, and the mentally and physically disabled. In total, approximately 11 million people were killed, including approximately one million Jewish children. Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed. A network of about 42,500 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territories were used to concentrate, confine, and kill Jews and other victims. Between 100,000 and 500,000 people were direct participants in the planning and execution of the Holocaust.
The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Initially the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. A network of concentration camps was established starting in 1933 and ghettos were established following the outbreak of World War II in 1939. In 1941, as Germany conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen were used to murder around two million Jews and "partisans", often in mass shootings. By the end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight train to specially built extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. The campaign of murder continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945.
Jewish armed resistance to the Nazis occurred throughout the Holocaust. One notable example was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly armed Jewish fighters held the Waffen-SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought the Nazis and their collaborators in Eastern Europe. French Jews were also highly active in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. In total, there were over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings.
大屠杀
-也被称为纳粹浩劫是一个种族灭绝, 大约千犹太人被阿道夫·希特勒的纳粹政权及其合作者杀害. 一些历史学家使用了大屠杀的定义, 其中包括额外五百万非犹太受害者的纳粹大规模谋杀, 使总数达到大约千. 杀戮发生在整个纳粹德国和德国占领的领土上.
从1941年到1945年, 犹太人在种族灭绝中被瞄准, 有条理地被谋杀, 这是历史上最大的一次种族灭绝, 也是纳粹在欧洲的各种种族和政治团体的更广泛的压迫和杀戮行为的一部分. 德国官僚机构的每一个手臂都参与了后勤和执行种族灭绝, 把第三帝国变成了"一 个 种族 灭绝 的 国家". 更广泛的纳粹罪行的非犹太受害者包括姆, 基督教波兰, 共产主义者, 同性恋, 苏联 战俘, 精神上和身体上的残疾人. 总共约有1.1万人被杀, 其中包括大约1.1万犹太儿童. 在大屠杀前居住在欧洲的千犹太人中, 约有三分之二被杀. 在德国和德国占领的领土上, 一个大约42,500个设施的网络被用来集中, 限制和杀死犹太人和其他受害者. 在大屠杀的规划和执行中, 100,000到500,000人是直接参与者.
迫害和种族灭绝是分阶段进行的. 最初, 德国政府通过法律, 将犹太人排除在民间社会之外, 最突出的是1935. 年的纽伦堡法律, 1933年开始建立集中营网络, 1939. 年第二次世界大战爆发后建立了贫民窟. 1941, 德国征服了东欧的新领土, 被称为别动队的专门准军事单位被用来谋杀大约194.1万犹太人和"游击队", 往往在大规模枪击事件中. 到1942年底, 受害者经常被货运火车运输到专门建造的灭绝营地, 如果他们在旅程中幸存, 大多数人在毒气室被系统性地杀害. 谋杀活动持续到1945. 年四月至五月的欧洲第二次世界大战结束.
犹太人对纳粹的武装抵抗发生在整个大屠杀中. 一个显着的例子是1943年华沙犹太区起义, 当时数以千计的武装犹太武装战士在海湾举行了1943个星期的武装党 估计有20,000至30,000名犹太游击队在东欧积极打击纳粹及其合作者. 法国犹太人也非常活跃于法国抵抗组织, 该抵抗组织对纳粹和维希法国当局进行了一次游击运动. 总的来说, 有超过一百个武装犹太起义.
